How is Prophet Muhammad (SAW) described? According to Shama'il al-Tirmidhi by Imam al-Tirmidhi

The Shama'il al-Tirmidhi , a renowned collection of hadiths compiled by  Imam al-Tirmidhi , offers valuable insights into the life and p...

The Shama'il al-Tirmidhi, a renowned collection of hadiths compiled by Imam al-Tirmidhi, offers valuable insights into the life and personality of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). This work goes beyond religious teachings and provides vivid descriptions of the Prophet's physical appearance, character, and mannerisms, offering a glimpse into the human dimension of this revered figure.

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is regarded as the final messenger of Allah in Islam. According to Islamic tradition, any visual depiction of him is strictly prohibited. However, detailed descriptions of his appearance and character are preserved in collections of Hadith. Among these, Shama'il al-Tirmidhi, compiled by Imam al-Tirmidhi, provides a comprehensive portrayal of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

A Glimpse of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW): As Described in Shama'il al-Tirmidhi

Shama'il al-Tirmidhi is a compilation of Hadith that outlines the physical features, behavior, and character of the Prophet (SAW). Below is an overview of how Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is described in this work:

1. His Physical Appearance

Height and Build:

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was of medium height, slightly taller than average, neither excessively tall nor short. His body was well-built and strong, reflecting his active and disciplined lifestyle.

Complexion:

His complexion was fair with a reddish hue. His face emitted a unique radiance, often compared to the glow of the moon.

Hair:

His hair was neither entirely straight nor fully curly but wavy. Depending on the situation, his hair would be at earlobe length, shoulder length, or slightly longer. He occasionally applied oil and combed his hair.

Beard:

The Prophet (SAW) had a full and thick beard, which he maintained with care.

Eyes:

His eyes were large, captivating black eyes with the whites and dark pupils contrasting vividly. His eyelashes were long and thick. His gaze was described as both gentle and penetrating, conveying kindness and wisdom. 

Face and Teeth:

His face was broad, adding clarity and prominence to his speech. His face was described as rosy white and somewhat circular, neither overly plump nor excessively lean. He possessed a radiant smile. His teeth were neatly aligned and radiant, resembling pearls. He frequently used a siwak (a natural toothbrush) to keep his teeth clean. His teeth were perfectly aligned and dazzling white.   

Shoulders and Chest:

The Prophet’s (SAW) shoulders were broad, and his chest was well-proportioned. A fine line of hair extended from his chest to his navel, with minimal body hair elsewhere. indicative of his strong and athletic physique.

Fragrance:

It is reported that the natural scent of the Prophet (SAW) was more delightful than the finest perfume. Wherever he walked, his fragrance lingered for a long time. He was known to naturally emanate a pleasant fragrance, often described as the scent of musk.

Gait:

His walk was characterized by a gentle forward lean, as if he were descending a slight slope.

Facial Features: His complexion was described as rosy white, and his face was somewhat circular, neither overly plump nor excessively lean. His eyes were large and black, adorned with long, dark eyelashes. 


2. His Behavior and Conduct

Smile and Expressions:

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) had a bright and welcoming smile. His cheerful demeanor brought comfort to those around him. He rarely laughed loudly, often smiling gently, reflecting his humility and kindness.

Walking Style:

When walking, he leaned slightly forward and moved at a brisk pace, as if descending a slope. This reflected his determination and purposeful nature.

Voice:

His voice was melodious and clear. He spoke slowly and enunciated each word, ensuring his listeners could fully comprehend him.

3. His Clothing and Accessories

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) usually wore simple and clean clothing. His attire included a long shirt (“qamīs”), a cloak (“ridā”), and a turban. His footwear was made of leather, and he ensured his dress was free of extravagance or ostentation.

He occasionally wore a ring, which he used as a seal for letters sent to rulers and leaders.

4. His Moral and Spiritual Qualities (Character and Mannerisms)

Beyond physical features, Shama'il al-Tirmidhi highlights the unparalleled moral qualities of the Prophet (SAW):

  • Gentleness and Compassion: The Prophet was renowned for his exceptional kindness, mercy, and compassion towards all beings, including animals. He treated everyone with respect and dignity, regardless of their social status.

  • Humility: Despite his prophethood, the Prophet remained remarkably humble and unassuming. He avoided arrogance and always demonstrated humility in his interactions with others. Despite his elevated status, he led a simple life, performed household chores, and mingled with his companions without any sense of superiority.

  • Strong Moral Compass: He showed mercy towards children, animals, and even his adversaries. His compassion earned him the title of “Rahmatul-lil-Alameen” (Mercy to the Worlds). The Prophet exemplified the highest standards of ethics and morality. His life served as a beacon of guidance for Muslims and humanity as a whole.

  • Justice: He was just in all matters, setting examples of honesty and fairness.

  • Patience: The Prophet (SAW) faced immense hardships and opposition with unwavering patience and trust in Allah.

  • Truthfulness and Honesty: Truthfulness was an integral part of his character. He never uttered a lie or deceived anyone, earning him the title "Al-Amin" (the Trustworthy).

  • Courage and Resolution: He faced challenges and adversity with unwavering courage and unwavering faith in God's plan.

  • Generosity and Hospitality: The Prophet was known for his generosity and hospitality. He readily shared his possessions with the needy and welcomed guests with open arms. 

  • Eloquence: He possessed exceptional eloquence and spoke with clarity, wisdom, and conviction, captivating his listeners with his powerful words. 



The descriptions of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in Shama'il al-Tirmidhi present an inspiring picture of his physical beauty and moral excellence. These accounts not only serve as a means to admire his personality but also motivate Muslims to emulate his character in their daily lives. For Muslims, Prophet Muhammad (SAW) remains an eternal role model and a beacon of guidance for humanity.

Significance of Shama'il al-Tirmidhi:

The Shama'il al-Tirmidhi provides a valuable resource for Muslims to understand and appreciate the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) not only as a religious leader but also as a human being. It allows readers to connect with his personality, emulate his character traits, and strive to live a life that reflects his noble teachings.

Disclaimer:

It's important to note that these descriptions are based on the recollections of the Prophet's companions and are intended to provide a general understanding of his appearance and character. They should not be considered as literal or exhaustive portraits.

I hope this article provides a helpful overview of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) as described in the Shama'il al-Tirmidhi.

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